Sylvain Bauza
5b5cbc64f9
It's now possible to have a different vGPU type for each pGPU. By modifying the config, you can say which PCI device (ie. a pGPU) should use a specific vGPU type. For upgrades, the behaviour from Train won't be changed since we only use the first type if we don't have the dynamic options (so operators don't need to change nova.conf before upgrading). Implements: blueprint vgpu-multiple-types Change-Id: I46f0a76811142888db2bbc66cc3fde04ff890c01
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=======================================
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Attaching virtual GPU devices to guests
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=======================================
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The virtual GPU feature in Nova allows a deployment to provide specific GPU
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types for instances using physical GPUs that can provide virtual devices.
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For example, a single `Intel GVT-g`_ or a `NVIDIA GRID vGPU`_ physical
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Graphics Processing Unit (pGPU) can be virtualized as multiple virtual Graphics
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Processing Units (vGPUs) if the hypervisor supports the hardware driver and has
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the capability to create guests using those virtual devices.
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This feature is highly dependent on the hypervisor, its version and the
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physical devices present on the host. In addition, the vendor's vGPU driver software
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must be installed and configured on the host at the same time.
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Hypervisor-specific caveats are mentioned in the `Caveats`_ section.
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To enable virtual GPUs, follow the steps below:
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#. `Enable GPU types (Compute)`_
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#. `Configure a flavor (Controller)`_
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Enable GPU types (Compute)
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--------------------------
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#. Specify which specific GPU type(s) the instances would get.
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Edit :oslo.config:option:`devices.enabled_vgpu_types`:
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.. code-block:: ini
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[devices]
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enabled_vgpu_types = nvidia-35
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If you want to support more than a single GPU type, you need to provide a
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separate configuration section for each device. For example:
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.. code-block:: ini
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[devices]
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enabled_vgpu_types = nvidia-35, nvidia-36
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[vgpu_nvidia-35]
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device_addresses = 0000:84:00.0,0000:85:00.0
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[vgpu_nvidia-36]
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device_addresses = 0000:86:00.0
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where you have to define which physical GPUs are supported per GPU type.
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If the same PCI address is provided for two different types, nova-compute
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will refuse to start and issue a specific error in the logs.
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To know which specific type(s) to mention, please refer to `How to discover
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a GPU type`_.
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.. versionchanged:: 21.0.0
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Supporting multiple GPU types is only supported by the Ussuri release and
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later versions.
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#. Restart the ``nova-compute`` service.
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.. warning::
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Changing the type is possible but since existing physical GPUs can't
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address multiple guests having different types, that will make Nova
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return you a NoValidHost if existing instances with the original type
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still exist. Accordingly, it's highly recommended to instead deploy the
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new type to new compute nodes that don't already have workloads and
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rebuild instances on the nodes that need to change types.
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Configure a flavor (Controller)
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-------------------------------
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Configure a flavor to request one virtual GPU:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ openstack flavor set vgpu_1 --property "resources:VGPU=1"
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.. note::
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As of the Queens release, all hypervisors that support virtual GPUs
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only accept a single virtual GPU per instance.
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The enabled vGPU types on the compute hosts are not exposed to API users.
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Flavors configured for vGPU support can be tied to host aggregates as a means
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to properly schedule those flavors onto the compute hosts that support them.
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See :doc:`/admin/aggregates` for more information.
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Create instances with virtual GPU devices
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-----------------------------------------
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The ``nova-scheduler`` selects a destination host that has vGPU devices
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available by calling the Placement API for a specific VGPU resource class
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provided by compute nodes.
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.. code-block:: console
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$ openstack server create --flavor vgpu_1 --image cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec --wait test-vgpu
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.. note::
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As of the Queens release, only the *FilterScheduler* scheduler driver
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uses the Placement API.
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How to discover a GPU type
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--------------------------
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Depending on your hypervisor:
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- For libvirt, virtual GPUs are seen as mediated devices. Physical PCI devices
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(the graphic card here) supporting virtual GPUs propose mediated device
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(mdev) types. Since mediated devices are supported by the Linux kernel
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through sysfs files after installing the vendor's virtual GPUs driver
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software, you can see the required properties as follows:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ ls /sys/class/mdev_bus/*/mdev_supported_types
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/sys/class/mdev_bus/0000:84:00.0/mdev_supported_types:
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nvidia-35 nvidia-36 nvidia-37 nvidia-38 nvidia-39 nvidia-40 nvidia-41 nvidia-42 nvidia-43 nvidia-44 nvidia-45
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/sys/class/mdev_bus/0000:85:00.0/mdev_supported_types:
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nvidia-35 nvidia-36 nvidia-37 nvidia-38 nvidia-39 nvidia-40 nvidia-41 nvidia-42 nvidia-43 nvidia-44 nvidia-45
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/sys/class/mdev_bus/0000:86:00.0/mdev_supported_types:
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nvidia-35 nvidia-36 nvidia-37 nvidia-38 nvidia-39 nvidia-40 nvidia-41 nvidia-42 nvidia-43 nvidia-44 nvidia-45
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/sys/class/mdev_bus/0000:87:00.0/mdev_supported_types:
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nvidia-35 nvidia-36 nvidia-37 nvidia-38 nvidia-39 nvidia-40 nvidia-41 nvidia-42 nvidia-43 nvidia-44 nvidia-45
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- For XenServer, virtual GPU types are created by XenServer at startup
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depending on the available hardware and config files present in dom0.
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You can run the command of ``xe vgpu-type-list`` from dom0 to get the
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available vGPU types. The value for the field of ``model-name ( RO):``
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is the vGPU type's name which can be used to set the nova config option
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``[devices]/enabled_vgpu_types``. See the following example:
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.. code-block:: console
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[root@trailblazer-2 ~]# xe vgpu-type-list
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uuid ( RO) : 78d2d963-41d6-4130-8842-aedbc559709f
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vendor-name ( RO): NVIDIA Corporation
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model-name ( RO): GRID M60-8Q
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max-heads ( RO): 4
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max-resolution ( RO): 4096x2160
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uuid ( RO) : a1bb1692-8ce3-4577-a611-6b4b8f35a5c9
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vendor-name ( RO): NVIDIA Corporation
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model-name ( RO): GRID M60-0Q
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max-heads ( RO): 2
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max-resolution ( RO): 2560x1600
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uuid ( RO) : 69d03200-49eb-4002-b661-824aec4fd26f
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vendor-name ( RO): NVIDIA Corporation
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model-name ( RO): GRID M60-2A
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max-heads ( RO): 1
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max-resolution ( RO): 1280x1024
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uuid ( RO) : c58b1007-8b47-4336-95aa-981a5634d03d
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vendor-name ( RO): NVIDIA Corporation
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model-name ( RO): GRID M60-4Q
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max-heads ( RO): 4
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max-resolution ( RO): 4096x2160
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uuid ( RO) : 292a2b20-887f-4a13-b310-98a75c53b61f
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vendor-name ( RO): NVIDIA Corporation
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model-name ( RO): GRID M60-2Q
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max-heads ( RO): 4
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max-resolution ( RO): 4096x2160
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uuid ( RO) : d377db6b-a068-4a98-92a8-f94bd8d6cc5d
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vendor-name ( RO): NVIDIA Corporation
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model-name ( RO): GRID M60-0B
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max-heads ( RO): 2
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max-resolution ( RO): 2560x1600
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...
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Checking allocations and inventories for virtual GPUs
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-----------------------------------------------------
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.. note::
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The information below is only valid from the 19.0.0 Stein release and only
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for the libvirt driver. Before this release or when using the Xen driver,
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inventories and allocations related to a ``VGPU`` resource class are still
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on the root resource provider related to the compute node.
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If upgrading from Rocky and using the libvirt driver, ``VGPU`` inventory and
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allocations are moved to child resource providers that represent actual
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physical GPUs.
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The examples you will see are using the `osc-placement plugin`_ for
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OpenStackClient. For details on specific commands, see its documentation.
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#. Get the list of resource providers
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.. code-block:: console
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$ openstack resource provider list
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+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
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| uuid | name | generation |
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+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
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| 5958a366-3cad-416a-a2c9-cfbb5a472287 | virtlab606.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | 7 |
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| fc9b9287-ef5e-4408-aced-d5577560160c | virtlab606.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_pci_0000_86_00_0 | 2 |
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| e2f8607b-0683-4141-a8af-f5e20682e28c | virtlab606.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_pci_0000_85_00_0 | 3 |
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| 85dd4837-76f9-41f2-9f19-df386017d8a0 | virtlab606.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_pci_0000_87_00_0 | 2 |
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| 7033d860-8d8a-4963-8555-0aa902a08653 | virtlab606.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_pci_0000_84_00_0 | 2 |
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+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------+
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In this example, we see the root resource provider
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``5958a366-3cad-416a-a2c9-cfbb5a472287`` with four other resource providers
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that are its children and where each of them corresponds to a single
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physical GPU.
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#. Check the inventory of each resource provider to see resource classes
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.. code-block:: console
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$ openstack resource provider inventory list 5958a366-3cad-416a-a2c9-cfbb5a472287
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+----------------+------------------+----------+----------+-----------+----------+-------+
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| resource_class | allocation_ratio | max_unit | reserved | step_size | min_unit | total |
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+----------------+------------------+----------+----------+-----------+----------+-------+
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| VCPU | 16.0 | 48 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 48 |
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| MEMORY_MB | 1.5 | 65442 | 512 | 1 | 1 | 65442 |
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| DISK_GB | 1.0 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 49 |
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+----------------+------------------+----------+----------+-----------+----------+-------+
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$ openstack resource provider inventory list e2f8607b-0683-4141-a8af-f5e20682e28c
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+----------------+------------------+----------+----------+-----------+----------+-------+
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| resource_class | allocation_ratio | max_unit | reserved | step_size | min_unit | total |
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+----------------+------------------+----------+----------+-----------+----------+-------+
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| VGPU | 1.0 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 16 |
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+----------------+------------------+----------+----------+-----------+----------+-------+
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Here you can see a ``VGPU`` inventory on the child resource provider while
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other resource class inventories are still located on the root resource
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provider.
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#. Check allocations for each server that is using virtual GPUs
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.. code-block:: console
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$ openstack server list
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+--------------------------------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+--------+
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| ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor |
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+--------------------------------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+--------+
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| 5294f726-33d5-472a-bef1-9e19bb41626d | vgpu2 | ACTIVE | private=10.0.0.14, fd45:cdad:c431:0:f816:3eff:fe78:a748 | cirros-0.4.0-x86_64-disk | vgpu |
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| a6811fc2-cec8-4f1d-baea-e2c6339a9697 | vgpu1 | ACTIVE | private=10.0.0.34, fd45:cdad:c431:0:f816:3eff:fe54:cc8f | cirros-0.4.0-x86_64-disk | vgpu |
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+--------------------------------------+-------+--------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+--------+
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$ openstack resource provider allocation show 5294f726-33d5-472a-bef1-9e19bb41626d
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+--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------+
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| resource_provider | generation | resources |
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+--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------+
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| 5958a366-3cad-416a-a2c9-cfbb5a472287 | 8 | {u'VCPU': 1, u'MEMORY_MB': 512, u'DISK_GB': 1} |
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| 7033d860-8d8a-4963-8555-0aa902a08653 | 3 | {u'VGPU': 1} |
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+--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------+
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$ openstack resource provider allocation show a6811fc2-cec8-4f1d-baea-e2c6339a9697
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+--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------+
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| resource_provider | generation | resources |
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+--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------+
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| e2f8607b-0683-4141-a8af-f5e20682e28c | 3 | {u'VGPU': 1} |
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| 5958a366-3cad-416a-a2c9-cfbb5a472287 | 8 | {u'VCPU': 1, u'MEMORY_MB': 512, u'DISK_GB': 1} |
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+--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------+
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In this example, two servers were created using a flavor asking for 1
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``VGPU``, so when looking at the allocations for each consumer UUID (which
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is the server UUID), you can see that VGPU allocation is against the child
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resource provider while other allocations are for the root resource
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provider. Here, that means that the virtual GPU used by
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``a6811fc2-cec8-4f1d-baea-e2c6339a9697`` is actually provided by the
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physical GPU having the PCI ID ``0000:85:00.0``.
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(Optional) Provide custom traits for multiple GPU types
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-------------------------------------------------------
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Since operators want to support different GPU types per compute, it would be
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nice to have flavors asking for a specific GPU type. This is now possible
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using custom traits by decorating child Resource Providers that correspond
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to physical GPUs.
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.. note::
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Possible improvements in a future release could consist of providing
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automatic tagging of Resource Providers with standard traits corresponding
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to versioned mapping of public GPU types. For the moment, this has to be
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done manually.
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#. Get the list of resource providers
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See `Checking allocations and inventories for virtual GPUs`_ first for getting
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the list of Resource Providers that support a ``VGPU`` resource class.
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#. Define custom traits that will correspond for each to a GPU type
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.. code-block:: console
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$ openstack --os-placement-api-version 1.6 trait create CUSTOM_NVIDIA_11
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In this example, we ask to create a custom trait named ``CUSTOM_NVIDIA_11``.
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#. Add the corresponding trait to the Resource Provider matching the GPU
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.. code-block:: console
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$ openstack --os-placement-api-version 1.6 resource provider trait set \
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--trait CUSTOM_NVIDIA_11 e2f8607b-0683-4141-a8af-f5e20682e28c
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In this case, the trait ``CUSTOM_NVIDIA_11`` will be added to the Resource
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Provider with the UUID ``e2f8607b-0683-4141-a8af-f5e20682e28c`` that
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corresponds to the PCI address ``0000:85:00:0`` as shown above.
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#. Amend the flavor to add a requested trait
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.. code-block:: console
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$ openstack flavor set --property trait:CUSTOM_NVIDIA_11=required vgpu_1
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In this example, we add the ``CUSTOM_NVIDIA_11`` trait as a required
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information for the ``vgpu_1`` flavor we created earlier.
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This will allow the Placement service to only return the Resource Providers
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matching this trait so only the GPUs that were decorated with will be checked
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for this flavor.
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Caveats
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-------
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.. note::
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This information is correct as of the 17.0.0 Queens release. Where
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improvements have been made or issues fixed, they are noted per item.
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For libvirt:
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* Suspending a guest that has vGPUs doesn't yet work because of a libvirt
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limitation (it can't hot-unplug mediated devices from a guest). Workarounds
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using other instance actions (like snapshotting the instance or shelving it)
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are recommended until libvirt gains mdev hot-unplug support. If a user
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attempts to suspend the instance, the libvirt driver will raise an exception
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that will cause the instance to be set back to ACTIVE. The ``suspend`` action
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in the ``os-instance-actions`` API will have an *Error* state.
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* Resizing an instance with a new flavor that has vGPU resources doesn't
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allocate those vGPUs to the instance (the instance is created without
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vGPU resources). The proposed workaround is to rebuild the instance after
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resizing it. The rebuild operation allocates vGPUS to the instance.
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* Cold migrating an instance to another host will have the same problem as
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resize. If you want to migrate an instance, make sure to rebuild it after the
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migration.
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* Rescue images do not use vGPUs. An instance being rescued does not keep its
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vGPUs during rescue. During that time, another instance can receive those
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vGPUs. This is a known issue. The recommended workaround is to rebuild an
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instance immediately after rescue. However, rebuilding the rescued instance
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only helps if there are other free vGPUs on the host.
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.. note:: This has been resolved in the Rocky release [#]_.
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For XenServer:
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* Suspend and live migration with vGPUs attached depends on support from the
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underlying XenServer version. Please see XenServer release notes for up to
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date information on when a hypervisor supporting live migration and
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suspend/resume with vGPUs is available. If a suspend or live migrate operation
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is attempted with a XenServer version that does not support that operation, an
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internal exception will occur that will cause nova setting the instance to
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be in ERROR status. You can use the command of
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``openstack server set --state active <server>`` to set it back to ACTIVE.
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* Resizing an instance with a new flavor that has vGPU resources doesn't
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allocate those vGPUs to the instance (the instance is created without
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vGPU resources). The proposed workaround is to rebuild the instance after
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resizing it. The rebuild operation allocates vGPUS to the instance.
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* Cold migrating an instance to another host will have the same problem as
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resize. If you want to migrate an instance, make sure to rebuild it after the
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migration.
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* Multiple GPU types per compute is not supported by the XenServer driver.
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.. [#] https://bugs.launchpad.net/nova/+bug/1762688
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.. Links
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.. _Intel GVT-g: https://01.org/igvt-g
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.. _NVIDIA GRID vGPU: http://docs.nvidia.com/grid/5.0/pdf/grid-vgpu-user-guide.pdf
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.. _osc-placement plugin: https://docs.openstack.org/osc-placement/latest/index.html
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